To allow contrasting that have prior to training, i as well as applied nonspatial capture-recapture solutions to imagine mature jaguar thickness (discover Appendix B to possess procedures and overall performance).
Estimating cub density and populace structure
I estimated densities independently for males, reproductive lady, and you can nonreproductive lady. I tried to complement models to observations regarding cubs, but their sparse capture histories failed to bring sufficient study to possess a max chances studies. To imagine cub density, i multiplied this new reproductive females thickness from your better model by suggest level of cubs per reproductive female. These types of estimates welcome computation from full jaguar occurrence and you can populace build for men, nonreproductive female, reproductive females, and cubs.
Efficiency
All of our complete testing efforts are ashleymadison 12,302 digital camera trap-nights. I acquired 1465 catches, and additionally 1369 having recognizable some one (Table step 1). In total, we known 42 jaguars, in addition to 14 men, fourteen mature female, and 14 cubs. Of the fourteen photographed adult women, eight was in fact definitely recreating and snap that have cubs (Photos D1, D2). While we joined equivalent amounts of men, females, and cubs in the studies area, the fresh bring frequency of each and every class differed: 58% from known photographs have been the ones from boys (798 catches), 33% off identifiable grabs was in fact those of people (452), and only nine% were the ones from cubs (119). Typically, men had been captured 56 minutes for every, people 32 moments, and you can cubs only 9 minutes. Reproductive girls got slightly higher final amount off grabs than just nonreproductive girls (257 instead of 195, respectively) and higher average number of catches for every personal (38 in the place of twenty eight). Reproductive ladies have been with greater regularity seized alone (109 moments) than simply accompanied by cubs (69 captures) during the period of understood girls and boys reliance. Alternatively, cubs was basically filed with greater regularity through its mothers (83 individual captures) than by yourself (thirty-six catches).
Occurrence prices from mature jaguars
Of the 32 models analyzed with the secr package with sex/reproductive status and sessions as covariates, those which did not allow density to vary across sessions obtained the lowest AICc values. In contrast, models assuming density variation across sessions received less support (Tables 2, C1). The top secr model for adult jaguars included an effect of sex/female reproductive status on D, ? 0, and ? and between session variation in ? 0. All three parameters differed significantly between sex/reproductive status groups (Table 3). Baseline detection probability was lowest for reproductive females (0.04 on average), whereas nonreproductive females had the greatest baseline detectability (0.13 on average) and males intermediate (0.08 on average) to the two female reproductive classes. Males had the largest values of estimated movement distribution (? = 2.97 ± 0.09 km), while reproductive and nonreproductive females obtained smaller ? values (2.04 ± 0.11 and 2.32 ± 0.19 km, respectively). Estimated densities were higher for reproductive females and males (1.97 ± 0.33 and 1.62 ± 0.22 individuals/ 100 km 2 , respectively) than for nonreproductive females (0.85 ± 0.19 individuals/100 km 2 ). In total, the best model estimated 4.44 ± 1.16 adult jaguars/100 km 2 (Table 3).
Cub density and you may jaguar people structure
From findings of the seven reproductive female with kids when you look at the research period, we projected 1.64 cubs for each and every reproductive lady on average. As well, you to cub is actually submitted alone on one occasion together with an unfamiliar mother. I excluded that it lone observance out-of after that analysis. Based on reproductive female density on the best model, we estimated 3.23 cubs/one hundred km dos in the study town. Hence, we projected an entire occurrence off eight.67 jaguars/100 kilometres 2 . Jaguar people construction was 21% adult men, 11% nonreproductive people, 26% reproductive females, and 42% cubs (Desk step 3).