Tool out-of Individual Nourishment, Institution off Food Research and you may People Nutrition, Farming University out-of Athens Beijing wife, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (A.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step one. Addition
Drinks regarding kinds of beverage, coffee, milk, juice, soft drinks, diet plan products, energy beverages and alcoholic drinks come in an enormous and you may increasing quantity of choice. Variety satisfies taste preferences, health standards, and you can lifetime need, while many products arrive, it is prone to started to euhydration .
Drinks contribute around twenty-five%–50% of drinking habits [2,3,4], for this reason he is important for appointment day-after-day liquids demands and achieving euhydration. Moisture might have been associated with the repairs out of regular physical and you can intellectual qualities .
Although not, it has been argued that beverages lead notably with the increasing obesity pricing worldwide [6,7], simply because of their opportunity content [8,nine,10]. In certain knowledge, Sugar Sweetened Drinks (SSB) consumption might have been on the gaining weight in kids and you will people , whenever you are research you to definitely decreasing SSBs commonly reduce steadily the threat of obesity and you may associated problems eg type 2 diabetes has been seen as the persuasive . Opportunity intake from beverages has grown dramatically for the past 40 many years because of the whenever 222 unhealthy calories for every individual on a daily basis .
However, products regarding the certain classes don’t lead similarly so you can times consumption . The power content of the drink in addition to consumption designs may suggest otherwise, we.e., certain caloric products is generally consumed barely thus contributing hardly any in order to each day time intake. This has been contended you to definitely replacement sweetened caloric beverages having liquids will help get rid of full time intake when you look at the fat users . Nevertheless, use of sweetened caloric beverages is actually a complicated point that can be regarded outside the caloric contribution and also in this new context out of weightloss designs .
Also, simultaneously so you can restaurants practices, some factors such as for example seasonality, physical exercise membership and you can sex can impact this new assortment inside take in solutions and you will sum to total time consumption. These types of facts haven’t been totally investigated; after that education of this type often elucidate the present day question of time consumption out of weight reduction supplies and off drinks particularly.
Into the an earlier data presented from inside the Greece, making use of the Water Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, i discovered that inside the 984 grownups, 24% away from drinking habits originates from drinks . There is an unequivocal need certainly to further involved during these findings, elucidating the newest contribution of drinks so you’re able to total energy intake and you will balance.