(12) In some NENA dialects this new preterite out of Group II verbs provides a good vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- which has no forerunner in the earlier languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) suggested that progressive function is connected with this new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), migliori siti per stringere amicizie Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he got they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Variations having o otherwise u is missing additional NENA and possess in lots of of the NENA dialects: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and you will Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The entire establish try noted by good prefix in every NENA but Hertevin along with Mandaic and also in Turoyo. The newest prefix takes among three versions: (a) k- into the all the verbs (state-of-the-art in order to c- into the Urmi, stretched so you’re able to ko- ahead of consonants into the Turoyo, plus in Zakho to get g- before a spoken phoneme); (b) k- but merely towards the a restricted family of verbs (with a few voicing intake and regularly most other change as well); or (c) i- on the most of the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, private communications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we create say’, but doqIx-wa-ce ‘we would to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he eats, will eat’, however, sate ‘he beverages, usually, may drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The newest k- prefix appears to be a success of one’s prefix qa- away from BT, as with the latest common qatane ‘he teaches’. elizabeth ‘stands’. In certain eastern languages this new shipment off k- has been limited by a small category of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In others, it’s vanished and you will started replaced by the a different sort of prefix we-, hence most likely got its start once the less particular we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes toward the newest synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla weil kIcca ‘I visited bring money to a girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The newest verb ‘give’ is actually yehav in BT, and you will yav inside Syriac. This has been remade in most NENA languages from incorporation of the following l- ‘to’. The vital, which had been hav from inside the Syriac and BT, is actually hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) throughout NENA which We have information, however in the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) Throughout NENA, brand new only 1 vital off qyama ‘get up’ has shed the final m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). Brand new plural, but not, retains this new yards.
(16) In all NENA, new crucial away from (i)zala ‘go’ is unpredictable: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani si (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Round the NENA, several different terms can be used once the foot having reflexive pronouns instance ‘myself’. He’s: ruh- for the Hertevin as well as in Turoyo, nos- regarding the about three easternmost Jewish dialects, and you may gyan- in the remaining languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
This qa- are by itself a great contraction of qa?
(18) An alternate preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ that takes the proper execution ta, tla, otherwise tla try widespread, no matter if maybe not universal, in NENA, although not used in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) stumbled on cook’ (Rubba, personal interaction), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga story ‘no one to started the entranceway so you’re able to him’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 182).