Mitogenome phylogeny
The fresh new mitochondrial series try a popular unit ong pet thirty five . In the modern data, to further elucidate brand new phylogenetic interrelationships in this Anatidae, concatenated nucleotide sequences regarding thirteen PCGs and two rRNA genes was indeed obtained from 37 Anatidae aves, towards five Aythya types, one to Netta variety, you to Asarcornis variety, one Mareca varieties, 7 Anas types, three Mergus varieties, you to Lophodytes kinds, about three Bucephala varieties, one to Cairina kinds, one Aix types, several Tadorna species, five Cygnus types, you to definitely Branta species, five Anser varieties, and something Dendrocygna varieties.
In both new Bayesian inference (BI) and you can restriction opportunities (ML) analyses, the phylogenetic trees got almost similar topologies (Fig. seven, Second Figs. step 1 and you will dos). Both woods from the a couple of analyses was basically supported by an excellent statistical beliefs. In general, the new genera Aythya, Netta, Asarcornis, Anas https://datingranking.net/cuddli-review/, Mareca, Mergus, Lophodytes, Bucephala, Cairina, Tadorna, and you will Aix clustered in the subfamily Anatinae, whereas the new subfamily Anserinae got a sibling relationship with Anatinae, along with Cygnus, Branta, and you will Anser. Dendrocygna javanica, whoever upright position, elongated shoulder and you will legs, and conspicuous perching-forest behavior differentiate they out-of most other Anseriformes kinds, diverged before throughout the fundamental ancestry and you may signifies a cousin clade so you can Anatinae-Anserinae 36 . The topology try extremely consistent with the consequence of studies oriented on research out of concatenated mitochondrial nucleotide sequences of ND2 and you may Cytb genetics, and additionally which have morphological data 36,37,38 .
Molecular phylogenetic investigation regarding 37 Anatidae variety built because of the MrBayes and IQ forest. Amounts beside the nodes depict posterior chances (left) and you will bootstrap thinking (right).
In this Anserinae, types of the new genus Anser are linked to Branta canadensis directly. This is exactly in line with past morphology-established analyses 39 . The trouble is far more complex to the larger subfamily Anatinae. Contained in this subfamily, i located four consistent clades: Aythyini (Aythya + Netta + Asarcornis), Anatini (Anas + Mareca), Mergini (Mergus + Lophodytes + Bucephala), and you will Cairinini (Cairina + Aix + Tadorna). Cairinini is actually the sis set of all other Anatinae tribes, that has been highly backed by the outcome of the establish research. Regarding the Anatinae people, Anatini and Aythyini enjoys nearer phylogenetic dating, that answers are backed by morphological knowledge and you will phylogenetic analysis according to one or two PCGs 37,38 . When you look at the genus Aythya, A great. americana and you can A good. ferina was in fact clustered also well-supported viewpoints. At the same time, A. fuligula and also the clade (An excellent. americana + A good. ferina) shaped a high-offered value branch. All of our target species, A good. baeri, in addition to clade (Good. fuligula + (Good. americana + A beneficial. ferina)) was indeed clustered for the one to part, recommending brand new five kinds form a beneficial monophyletic classification.
Conclusions
The present day data offered the mitogenome out-of A good. baeri (16,623 bp, accession amount MT129533). So it circular mtDNA integrated thirteen PCGs, a couple rRNAs, twenty-two tRNAs, plus one CR. As a result of comparison, it was discovered that the latest genome out of A good. baeri shown trait sequence formations and is quite much like those individuals away from Aythya aves. Among PCGs, ND3 encountered the extremely polymorphism and you may highest genetic distance. Our very own phylogenetic study predicated on shared mitochondrial gene place (13 PCGs as well as 2 rRNAs) off 37 Anatidae species playing with BI and you will ML formulas indicated that A. baeri is directly linked to An effective. fuligula, A beneficial. americana, and you will A beneficial. ferina. In fact, i deduced these particular varieties was in fact monophyletic. Also, most of the genera wherein numerous varieties were examined had been plus found to be monophyletic with the exception of Anas, as one incorporated Mareca. Today’s study provides an essential site towards preservation out-of the learned vitally endangered variety and additionally worthwhile information for further phylogenetic and you can evolutionary research toward nearest and dearest Anatidae.